>> SLIDE 1 SILC-NET Presents: A National Teleconference & Webinar Disability Statistics Part 2: Using Statistics about People with Disabilities to Inform the SPIL August 23, 2012 3:00 PM – 4:30 PM EDT Presenters: -Andrew Houtenville, Eric Lauer, and Tony Ruiz -University of New Hampshire >> SLIDE 2 SECTION 6 Overview of Major Disability Data Sources >> SLIDE 3 Overview of Major Disability Data Sources -Current Population Survey (CPS) -American Community Survey (ACS) -Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP) >> SLIDE 4 Current Population Survey (CPS) -Conducted by the Census Bureau on behalf of the Bureau of Labor Statistics -A survey of (currently) approximately 100,000 households -Basic Monthly Survey (BMS): primary source of employment and labor force statistics in the United States -March CPS (a.k.a., Annual Social and Economic Supplement (ASEC), March Supplement, Income Supplement) collects income and demographic information as well as disability data -March CPS is the primary source of poverty and health insurance information -CPS data are used extensively by government agencies, researchers, policy makers, and journalists to evaluate employment, government programs, and the economic well-being of the population in the U.S. >> SLIDE 5 CPS: Strengths and Limitations -Strengths --Provides annual national and state level statistics --Long Time Trends (effectively since 1968; work limitation question collected since 1981) --A large set of variables (very detailed income information) --New six question sequence added in 2008. -Limitations --No specific health conditions --Does not address population living in institutions --Does not directly address external factors related to disablement >> SLIDE 6 Work Limitation Question -Does anyone in this household have a health problem or disability which prevents them from working or which limits the kind or amount of work they can do? If yes, who is that? (Anyone else?) -Purpose is to identify people receiving disability-related income. -Work limitation was in part the basis for many government disability programs (SSDI, DI, Workers Compensation). >> SLIDE 7 Bar graph: Prevalence of Work Limitation (percentage) (CPS 1981-2011, ages 16-64) Bars hover between 7 and 8 percent over time. >> SLIDE 8 Graph: Employment Rate for People with Work Limitation (CPS 1981-2011, ages 16-64) Line starts at 24%, peaks at 28% in 1989, then declines to 15% over time. >> SLIDE 9 Additional Questions since September 2008 (Same as ACS) -Hearing Difficulty: Is this person deaf or does he/she have serious difficulty hearing? (all ages) -Vision Difficulty: Is this person blind or does he/she have serious difficulty seeing even when wearing glasses? (all ages) -Cognitive Difficulty: Because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition, does this person have serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions? (ages 5 or older) >> SLIDE 10 Additional Questions since September 2008 (Same as ACS), cont’d. -Ambulatory Difficulty: Does this person have serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs? (ages 5 or older) -Self-Care Difficulty: Does this person have difficulty dressing or bathing? (ages 5 or older) -Independent Living Difficulty: Because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition, does this person have difficulty doing errands alone such as visiting a doctors office or shopping? (ages 15 or older) >> SLIDE 11 Other Topics of Interest -Individual, Family, and Household level data -Extensive Information on Health Insurance -Employment -Industry (at the three digit levels) -Occupation (at the three digit levels) -Annual Wages/Salary -Hours Worked per Week, Weeks Worked per Year -Educational Attainment -Income from multiple sources -Government Program Participation -Poverty Status >> SLIDE 12 Accessing Data and Statistics Raw Data: Public Use Files -http://cps.ipums.org/cps/ Summary Tables: Census Bureau’s Disability Data web site -http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/disability/disabcps.html Other Summary Statistics: UNH Web Site -http://www.disabilitycompendium.org/ Hire consultants >> SLIDE 13 Further Information A Guide to Disability Statistics from the Current Population Survey By Richard V. Burkhauser and Andrew J. Houtenville Census Bureau’s Disability Data Web Site http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/disability/disability.html >> SLIDE 14 Questions & Answers >> SLIDE 15 American Community Survey -Purpose: To provide national and local level data on demographic, social, economic and housing characteristics --Replacement for Decennial Census Long Form --Annual Survey (2000+) – but change disability definitions in 2004 and 2008. -Pooling together 3 years of data and 5 years of data to get local small area estimates. -Contains a sample of people living in institutions. >> SLIDE 16 ACS Questions 2008 and Onward -Hearing Difficulty: Is this person deaf or does he/she have serious difficulty hearing? (all ages) -Vision Difficulty: Is this person blind or does he/she have serious difficulty seeing even when wearing glasses? (all ages) -Cognitive Difficulty: Because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition, does this person have serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions? (ages 5 or older) -Ambulatory Difficulty: Does this person have serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs? (ages 5 or older) -Self-Care Difficulty: Does this person have difficulty dressing or bathing? (ages 5 or older) -Independent Living Difficulty: Because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition, does this person have difficulty doing errands alone such as visiting a doctors office or shopping? (ages 15 or older) >> SLIDE 17 ACS: Strengths and Limitations Strengths: -Annual data used widely in public policy discussions. -Includes persons living in institutions. -Provides annual at local level statistics -Trend data: collected in a consistent manner over time (change in 2004 and 2008) Limitations: -No “work limitation” question to identify potential VR and SSDI/SSI participants. -No specific health conditions. -Does not directly address external factors related to disablement -Response error issue (2000-2002) for Go-Outside-Home Disability and Employment Disability >> SLIDE 18 Prevalence Rate, by Type of Disability (ACS 2011, ages 18-64) Bar graph -overall disability: 18.3% -hearing: 2.1% -vision: 1.7% -ambulatory: 4.2% -cognitive:5.2% -self-care 1.8% -independent living: 3.5% >> SLIDE 19 Example of Local Statistics 2010 Total and Hispanic Populations (Civilian Ages 18 and older) based on 5-Year Pooled ACS Location / Total / Hispanic United States / 228,808,831 / 31270,834 New York / 14,819,772 / 2332,365 Tompkins County, New York / 83,739 / 3,209 Ithaca city, New York / 27,219 / 1,920 Census Tract 7, Tompkins County / 3,517 / N/A Syracuse city, New York MSA / 503,357 / 12,810 >> SLIDE 20 Other Topics of Interest -Individual and Household level data -Employment -Industry (291 industries) -Occupation (565 occupations) -Earnings -Hours Worked per Week, Weeks Worked per Year -Educational Attainment -Housing -Transportation -Income -Supplemental Security Income (SSI) payments -Poverty Status >> SLIDE 21 Accessing Data and Statistics -Raw Data: Public Use Microdata Sample (PUMS) Files: http://www.factfinder2.census.gov/faces/nav/jsf/pages/index.xhtml (ACS) -Summary Tables: American FactFinder: ACS (and Decennial Census): http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/nav/jsf/pages/index.xhtml -Census Bureau’s Disability Data web site: http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/disability/disabcps.html -Other Summary Statistics: Web Site, http://www.disabilitycompendium.org -Annual Disability Statistics Compendium: Currently Based on 2009-2011 ACS data (state & national level) >> SLIDE 22 U.S. Census Bureau’s American Factfinder Go to U. S. Census Bureau American Factfinder 2 website: http://factfinder2.census.gov/ >> SLIDE 23 Screen shot: U.S. Census Bureau – American Fact Finder "Topics" section highlighted. >> SLIDE 24 screen shot: American Fact Finder: Search search function is highlighted. >> SLIDE 25 screen shot: American Fact Finder: Results page >> SLIDE 26 Further Information A Guide to Disability Statistics from the American Community Survey -By Robert R. Weathers II -http://digitalcommons.ilr.cornell.edu/edicollect/123 Census Bureau’s Disability Data Web Site -http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/disability/disability.html >> SLIDE 27 Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP) -Conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau. -Collects information on the income and program participation of a nationally representative sample of households and individuals in U.S. -Sample usually consists of about 36,000 households, usually fielded every 3-4 years. -Each new fielding of SIPP is called a “panel,” - each panel includes several re-interviews of the sample conducted every four months, usually over a 36-month period. -Re-interviews allow researchers to track changes over time (i.e., longitudinal analysis). >> SLIDE 28 Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP), cont’d. -Disability measures. --Each interview asks questions regarding presence of a work limitation. --Disability questions in special topical module included in certain interviews. Include specific health conditions, impairments, functional limitation status: ADLs/IADLs. -Other topics include chronic health history, employment, poverty, medical history/expenditures, federal program participation, use of assistive devices. >> SLIDE 29 SIPP Strengths -Source of the 54 million number -Wide variety of disability and health related data. -Re-interviews allow researchers track changes over time (i.e., longitudinal). -Linked files to Social Security Administrative records. >> SLIDE 30 SIPP Limitations -Relatively small sample sizes-cannot support state level estimates. -Some measurement issues with the disability questions (Maag and Wittenburg, 2003). -Sample attrition across re-interviews. Some sample members drop out of survey. Sample weights do account for attrition to some extent. -Over the course of SIPP panels, there have been some changes to the structure and placement of disability questions. May be difficult to construct consistent measures across panels. >> SLIDE 31 SIPP Disability Questions: Sensory -Do you have any difficulties seeing the words and letters in ordinary newspaper print even when wearing glasses or contact lenses if you usually wear them? Note, includes blindness --Are you able to see the words and letters in ordinary newspaper print at all? -Do you have difficulty hearing what is said in a normal conversation with another person even when wearing your hearing aid? --Are you able to hear what is said in a normal conversation at all? -Do you have any difficulty having your speech understood? --In general, are people able to understand your speech at all? >> SLIDE 32 SIPP Disability Questions: Physical Impairment -Do you have any difficulty lifting and carrying something as heavy as 10 pounds- such s a bag of groceries? --Are you able to lift and carry a 10 pound bag of groceries at all? -Do you have any difficulty pushing or pulling large objects such as a living room chair? --Are you able to push or pull such large objects at all? -Do you have any difficulty... --a. Standing or being on your feet for one hour? --b. Sitting for one hour? --c. Stooping, crouching, or kneeling? --d. Reaching over your head? >> SLIDE 33 SIPP Disability Question: Physical Impairment, cont’d. -Do you have difficulty using your hands and fingers to do things such as picking up a glass or grasping a pencil? --Are you able to use your hands and fingers to grasp and handle at all? -Do you have any difficulty walking up a flight of 10 stairs? --Are you able to walk up a flight of 10 stairs at all? -Do you have any difficulty walking a quarter of a mile - about 3 city blocks? --Are you able to walk a quarter of a mile at all? -Do you have any difficulty using an ordinary telephone? --Are you able to use an ordinary telephone at all? >> SLIDE 34 SIPP Disability: Mental Impairment -Do you have… --A learning disability such as dyslexia? --Mental retardation? --A developmental disability such as autism or cerebral palsy? --Alzheimer's disease or any other serious problem with confusion or forgetfulness? --Any other mental or emotional condition? -Note: This is for the working-age population. The SIPP includes additional questions for children. >> SLIDE 35 SIPP Disability: Activities of Daily Living Because of a physical or mental health condition, do you have difficulty doing any of the following by yourself? a. Getting around INSIDE the home? b. Getting in and out of bed or a chair? c. Taking a bath or shower? d. Dressing? g. Eating? f. Using or getting to the toilet? >> SLIDE 36 SIPP Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Because of a physical or mental health condition, do you have difficulty doing any of the following by yourself? -Going OUTSIDE the home, for example, to shop or visit a doctor's office? -Keeping track of money or bills? -Doing light housework such as washing dishes or sweeping a floor? -Taking the right amount of prescribed medicine at the right time? >> SLIDE 37 SIPP Disability: Work Limitation -Do you have a physical, mental or health condition that limits the kind and amount of work you can do? >> SLIDE 38 Graph: Prevalence Rate, by Type of Disability (SIPP 2002, ages 25-61) -overall disability: 18.7% -sensory: 4.6% -physical: 13.2% -mental: 3.1% -ADL: 2.4% -IADL: 3.5% -employment: 10.1% >> SLIDE 39 Further Information -A Guide to Disability Statistics from the Survey of Income and Program Participation --By David C. Wittenburg and Sandi Nelson. --Forthcoming: http://digitalcommons.ilr.cornell.edu/edicollect/ -Real trends or measurement problems: Disability and employment trends from the Survey of Income and Program Participation. --By Elaine Maag and David C. Wittenburg. --http://digitalcommons.ilr.cornell.edu/edicollect/150 -U.S Census Bureau Web Site --http://www.bls.census.gov/sipp/ >> SLIDE 40 Questions & Answers >> SLIDE 41 SECTION 7 Using Disability Statistics: Which definition and source? >> SLIDE 42 Using Disability Statistics: Which dataset and what definition -Key questions to ask when choosing a data set. -Examples of accessing the data. >> SLIDE 43 Dataset Comparison: Key questions to ask -Geographic level --National, regional, state, county, metropolitan area, etc. -Years data collected --Specific year, most recent year -Disability Concept/Measure --Sensory, physical, mental disability -Population coverage --Civilian non-institutionalized, institutionalized -Selected Areas of interest --Employment, poverty, income, occupation, ethnicity, housing, etc. -Ease of Accessibility and Use >> SLIDE 44 SECTION 8 Exercises/Case Studies >> SLIDE 45 Identifying and Using Disability Statistics -Give examples how the use of statistics may assist or help you with your work? -Please specify: --The problem or question you have identified --The information you need --Where and how you would search for information --How you would use the information >> SLIDE 46 Differences Exercise 1: Prevalence Rate Question: Three estimates of the prevalence of disability are presented in the table below. List possible reasons for the differences between the three estimates. Table: Prevalence of Disability among Non-institutionalized Civilians Ages 25-61 Data Source / Prevalence Rate -2003 American Community Survey (ACS) / 11.9% -2002 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) / 16.7% -2002 Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP) / 18.7% >> SLIDE 47 Differences Exercise 1: Prevalence Rate Possible Answers: -The surveys use very different definitions of disability. The SIPP prevalence rate is the largest, and its definition includes many questions related to potentially short-term conditions. The prevalence rate is positively related to the number of survey questions used. The ACS uses six questions; the NHIS uses 21 questions; and the SIPP uses 27 questions. -The context in which the questions are asked. The ACS is a general survey. The NHIS is a health survey. The SIPP is a program-related survey. We may expect high prevalence rates in health surveys and perhaps program-related surveys. -The surveys are conducted in different years and during different months of the year. (But not likely to cause a dramatic difference.) >> SLIDE 48 Differences Exercise 2: Employment Rate Question: Three estimates of the employment rate of people with disability are presented in the table below. List possible reasons for the differences between the three estimates. Table: Employment Rate of Non-institutionalized Civilians with Disabilities Ages 25-61 Data Source / Employment Rate -2003 American Community Survey (ACS) / 49.9% -2002 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) / 58.6% -2002 Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP) / 53.5% >> SLIDE 49 Differences Exercise 2: Employment Rate Possible Answers: -The surveys use very different definitions of disability. -They also use different questions to collect information on employment. Thus, the definitions of employment differ. -The surveys are conducted in different years and during different months of the year, which can affect employment estimates (for example seasonal differences.) >> SLIDE 50 Differences Exercise 3: State Comparisons Question: State-level estimates of the disability prevalence rate are presented in the table on the next slide. What do states with high prevalence rates have in common? What do states with low prevalence rates have in common? What patterns can you identify and explain? List possible reasons for the differences and similarities. >> SLIDE 51 2011 prevalence of disability among non-institutionalized civilians, by state (%) State / Rate -AL / 16.2 -AK / 10.9 -AR / 16.3 -AZ / 11.2 -CA / 9.9 -CO / 10.1 -CT / 10.4 -DC / 11.1 -DE / 12.3 -FL / 12.8 -GA / 11.7 -HI / 10.7 -IA / 11.2 -ID / 12.6 -IL / 10.2 -IN / 12.5 -KS / 12.2 -KY / 16.8 -LA / 15.1 -MA / 10.8 -MD / 10.2 -ME / 15.1 -MI / 13.6 -MN / 10.0 -MO / 13.8 -MS / 16.3 -MT / 12.8 -NC / 13.2 -ND / 10.4 -NE / 11.4 -NH / 11.2 -NJ / 9.7 -NM / 13.3 -NV / 10.6 -NY / 10.6 -OH / 13.3 -OK / 15.7 -OR / 13.8 -PA / 13.1 -RI / 13.5 -SC / 13.9 -SD / 11.3 -TN / 15.1 -TX / 11.6 -UT / 8.5 -VA / 10.8 -VT / 13.2 -WA / 11.9 -WI / 10.8 -WV / 18.9 -WY / 11.8 >> SLIDE 52 Differences Exercise 3: State Comparisons Possible Answers: -Higher prevalence rates are seen in the Appalachian states and the lower Mississippi Valley. -The patterns across states are consistent with what is known as the “Disability Belt,” which is also reflected in other surveys and in enrollment numbers in the Social Security disability programs. -West Virginia figures may be due to “Black Lung Disease”. -High prevalence numbers may be associated with labor-intensive industries, like agriculture and mining. -Perhaps, there are cultural differences in the reporting of a disability. >> SLIDE 53 Name-that-Data Source: County Level Question: Which data source was used to create the table below? And what is the question used to define “ambulatory difficulty”? Table: 2010 Number Non-institutionalized Civilians Ages 18-64 with Ambulatory Difficulty, by County in New Jersey County / Number -Atlantic / 9,556 -Bergen / 13,185 -Burlington / 11,567 -Camden / 18.477 -Cape May / 2,450 -Cumberland / 6,004 -Essex / 20,115 -Gloucester / 9,257 -Hudson / 16,551 -Hunterdon / 1,954 -Mercer / 9,715 -Middlesex / 15.357 -Monmouth / 11,255 -Morris / 6,649 -Ocean / 15.683 -Passaic / 13,221 -Salem / 2,224 -Somerset / 4,711 -Sussex / 3,396 -Union / 9,880 -Warren / 2,234 >> SLIDE 54 Name-that-Data Source: County Level Answers: -American Community Survey 3-year pooled estimates -"Does this person have serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs?” >> SLIDE 55 Name-that-Data Source: Over Time Question: Which data source was used to create the figure below? And what is the question used to define “work limitation”? Bar graph: Prevalence of Work Limitations among Non-Institutionalized Civilians, Ages 21-64 Between 1981, the percentage hovers between 7.9 and 8.4. >> SLIDE 56 Name-that-Data Source: Over Time Answers: -These statistics are from the Current Population Survey Annual Demographic Supplement (CPS). In the future the ACS time series will become long enough to become more relevant, although it will never be able to look at patterns in the 1980s and 1990s. The National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) also has a work limitation question, but it has a severe “seam” between 1996 and 1997 when the entire survey was revised. -"A work limitation is determined by the following question: "[d]oes anyone in this household have a health problem or disability which prevents them from working or which limits the kind or amount of work they can do? [If so,] who is that? (Anyone else?)." >> SLIDE 57 Name-that-Data Source: County Level and Condition Specific Question: Which data source was used to create the table below? What are some caveats about such statistics? Number of Social Security Beneficiaries with Musculoskeletal Injuries that are Eligible of the Ticket-to-Work Program, by County in New Jersey County / Number -Atlantic / 3,536 -Bergen / 4,569 -Burlington / 4,070 -Camden / 7,075 -Cape May / 1,337 -Cumberland / 2,471 -Essex / 7,959 -Gloucester / 3,232 -Hudson / 6,027 -Hunterdon / 622 -Mercer / 3,761 -Middlesex / 5,854 -Monmouth / 4,893 -Morris / 2,046 -Ocean / 6,286 -Passaic / 4,790 -Salem / 1,132 -Somerset / 1,297 -Sussex / 1,275 -Union / 4,214 -Warren / 917 >> SLIDE 58 Name-that-Data Source: County Level Answers: -These statistics are from a web site, which is part of the Ticket to Work program (https://yourtickettowork.com/web/ttw/en-beneficiary-distribution). -An important caveat is that people with musculoskeletal injuries that are not in these programs are not included. This data is only for those who are in the SSDI and/or SSI programs and are eligible for the Ticket. -You can actually get zip code level statistics for 19 diagnostic categories. However, there are no additional breakdowns available, such as breakdowns by age, race, and gender. >> SLIDE 59 SECTION 9 Latest Developments and Other Resources >> SLIDE 60 Coming Improvements -Uniform minimum set of disability question: Following a component of ACA, Secretary Sebelius recently mandated the six ACS questions to be the included in all surveys -ACS 5-Year Pooled Sample: Once the 2013 ACS data is available the Census Bureau will pool 2008-2013 to get a big sample to estimate even smaller areas. -CPS Disability Supplement: Already fielded, data should be out soon. It looks specifically at disability and employment barriers and facilitators. >> SLIDE 61 Additional Resources -www.ResearchOnDisability.org – Our main web site -www.DATA.gov – a wealth data from agencies. -www.ICDR.gov – Subcommittee on Disability Statistics (with a monthly conference call. -Good Example of Using Statistics – From the Center on Independence of the Disabled, New York (NYC’s ILC) www.cidny.org/resources/News/Reports/Disability%20Matters.pdf -Another Good Example of Using Statistics – Chicago Community Trust report that sets goals for key outcomes www.cct.org/sites/cct.org/files/CCT_QuestForEqualityWhitePaper_1110.pdf >> SLIDE 62 SECTION 10 Summary and Conclusions >> SLIDE 63 Summary: Learning Objectives -Definitions of Disability --Conceptual --Survey Measurement -Introduction to Major National Surveys -How to Use Survey Data >> SLIDE 64 Questions & Answers >> SLIDE 65 Contact -DisabilityStatistics@unh.edu -Andrew.Houtenville@unh.edu -Eric.Lauer@unh.edu -Tony.Ruiz@unh.edu -www.ResearchOnDisability.org/ >> SLIDE 66 Wrap Up and Evaluation Please complete an evaluation of today’s program at: https://vovici.com/wsb.dll/s/12291g507d1 >> SLIDE 67 StatsRRTC Attribution Funding for the content of this Webinar/teleconference and the participation of Drs. Houtenville and Ruiz and Mr. Lauer was provided by the Hunter College Rehabilitation, Research and Training Center on Disability Statistics and Demographics (StatsRRTC), which is funded by the U.S. Department of Education, National Institute for Disability and Rehabilitation Research, under cooperative agreements H133B080012. The contents do not necessarily represent the policy of the Department of Education, and you should not assume endorsement by the Federal Government (Edgar, 75.620 (b)). >> SLIDE 68 SILC-NET Attribution >> END PRESENTATION